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Karl Marx And His Philosophy - 2194 Words

Karl Marx was one of the most controversial people to ever live in human history. A man who laid the foundation for one of the bleakest times in Eastern European history, Marx wrote several books on the topic of a philosophy that was dubbed â€Å"Communism†. The life of Marx, the philosophy of Marx, and this philosophy viewed through the Bible are very important things for a Christian to understand regarding the idea of Communism. Karl Marx was born on May 5, 1818 in what would be considered western Germany today. Technically, he was born in a â€Å"constituent part of a Rhenish Prussia†. At the time of Marx’s birth in 1818, Trier (the official name for the province) boasted around 12,000 people living there. Karl Marx had four siblings that died†¦show more content†¦This gave the family both political and economic advantages in their land. In October of 1843, Karl and new wife Jenny moved to Paris, along with several other German philosophers, including Karl’s close friend Engels. Since the French Revolution was still fresh in everyone’s minds, the communistic and socialistic philosophies of these men thrived in a nation ripe for change. Throughout these years, Marx and Engels would form an incredible bond, as both of these men wanted to see these ideas of communism and revolution come to fruition. Fortunately, there were still many people who did not want to see these ideas come to place. In 1845, German writers of a communistic journal were either imprisoned or exiled from France resulting from pressure from the Prussian government. Marx, his wife, and Engels then resided in Brussels from 1845-49, where their ideas started to come about on paper. In 1846, Marx and Engels founded a Communist Corresponding Committee that, in Karl’s words, would be â€Å"a discussion of scientific questions and critical appraisal of†¦ propaganda that can be conducted in Germany†. It is this action that inspired him to write The Manifesto of the Communist Party. Marx was again expelled from France in 1849, and would move to London where he would live the rest of his life. During this time, Marx had the most struggles he had ever had, and these proved to be great tragedies in his life. Marx and his

Early Christian, Jewish, and Byzantine Art Free Essays

Early Christian art spans from the first to fifth centuries followed by the vast era of Byzantine art from the fifth century to the 16th century in Eastern Europe. Much of the art during this period had a religious context or enacted a religious purpose. The paintings and mosaics were meant to remind worshippers of their God, and the architecture was meant to serve both functional and aesthetic purposes. We will write a custom essay sample on Early Christian, Jewish, and Byzantine Art or any similar topic only for you Order Now When Constantine I issued the Edict of Milan in 313 and moved the center of the Roman’s empire from Rome to Constantinople, the Byzantine Empire and Constantinople became the center of power and culture. The architecture of the Christian era came in two forms: the basilica and central plans. The basilica plan typically contains a large nave, an apse and an atrium on either end, clerestory windows, and two side aisles along the nave. This plan is found in The Church of Santa Sabina. The central plan, or tholos, served as tombs, martyrs’ churches, or baptisteries. These plans typically contain either a sarcophagus or altar at the center and most often have a large dome on top. This plan is found in the Church of Santa Costanza and the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, which employs the cruciform, or cross-shaped, style. Mosaics during the Christian era sometimes used syncretic images such as in Harvesting of Grapes in the ambulatory of the Church of Santa Costanza. The architecture of Byzantine art is characterized much by the Church of Hagia Sophia, or â€Å"Holy Wisdom. † This church combines the two floor plans of the Christian period, basilica and central. It has pendentives to hold its massive dome, flowing layers of half domes along its exterior wall, and many windows to let the gold on the mosaics shimmer. The Church of San Vitale is designed in a central plan but is interesting in that it has a very modest, unassuming exterior, but a complex, mosaic-covered interior. Two mosaics depicting Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora represent how artists employed reverse perspective. The Transifguration of Christ as St. Catherine’s Monastery in Sinai depicts Christ in a blue mandorla which represents royalty and glory. The mosaics in later centuries depict Christ in a Pantokrator fashion: a bust level portrait of Christ with book in one hand and â€Å"peace† in other. This Late Byzantine art also depicts Christ in new ways, such as the Crucifixion and together with Mary in Virgin of Vladmir. How to cite Early Christian, Jewish, and Byzantine Art, Papers